There are a number of factors that can affect the performance of an exhaust system. A presentation exhaust systems reduces emissions levels by eliminating pollutants from the exhaust system before they reach the atmosphere. These include the weight and height of the vehicle, engine size and type, exhaust gas flow rate, and the type of exhaust system.
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Weight and height: The heavier a vehicle is, the more resistance it will have to move. This will also impact exhaust performance. Larger engines tend to require larger mufflers to achieve equal performance levels as smaller engines.
Engine size and type: Different engine types require different types of exhaust systems. Smaller displacement engines typically require mufflers with smaller holes that allow more air to flow into the engine. Mid-size and large displacement engines typically require mufflers with larger holes that admit more air but restrict noise levels.
Exhaust gas flow rate: High-flow systems allow more air into the engine for combustion, while low-flow systems restrict air entry into the engine for improved fuel economy. The tradeoff for increased fuel economy is reduced performance due to restricted airflow into the engine.
Type of exhaust system: catalytic converters reduce emissions from motorcycles by breaking down harmful pollutants before they reach the atmosphere, while header pipes direct gases directly out of the cylinders without any further processing or emission reduction devices.